With the choice between AC and DC motors, knowing which one is the best option for a given application is an essential part of the selection process. The most significant difference between the two is the use of AC or DC current, with the DC motor having the advantage of using direct current.
There are many different parts to a DC motor, but this is no different than with a comparable AC motor. However, due to the design of the DC option, there are two distinct advantages in choosing the direct current motor.
Speed and Torque Control
With the ability to regulate and change the voltage in the motor, the direct current motor offers a broader option in speed variation. This control in the voltage can be through the armature or the field voltage, and sometimes by controlling or changing both of the two voltage options.
Both armature voltage and shunt field control (field voltage) allows for different options in control. By using armature voltage control, the torque of the motor is not impacted by the speed, producing a constant torque operation for use in equipment and systems.
Field control or shunt field control allows for constant horsepower capacity within the rated speed range. The combination of the two allows for constant torque as well as constant horsepower based on the speed.
Options in Motors
There are several different options in DC motor models on the market. These include shunt, series, compound wound and permanent magnet motors. Each of these motors is optimized for a specific type of use requirement from power through speed regulation and even for optimized response time on the motor.
Selecting the correct option in DC motors is always a consideration. Taking the time to consider options and to make the ideal choice based on the specific requirements and workload on the motor will be essential for long life and motor performance.